“I disapprove of what you say, but I will defend to the death your right to say it.”
– Voltaire

Abhivyakti ki azadi, or freedom of speech and expression, in its literal sense, refers to the liberty to express one’s opinions and views freely, without fear or hesitation. However, as wisely stated, “with great power comes great responsibility.” This freedom to express does not grant a license to abuse, defame, or make baseless allegations. Such acts cannot be shielded under the garb of free speech.

Article 19(1)(a) of the Constitution of India guarantees all citizens the right to freedom of speech and expression. This right includes the freedom to express one’s ideas, opinions, and convictions through words of mouth, writing, printing, pictures, or any other communicable medium. It also extends to gestures, signs, and other visible representations. Thus, the scope of this freedom is wide, but it is not absolute.

To truly understand our rights, we must remain conscious of our duties. Protecting the rights and dignity of others should be our foremost responsibility. Words carry power, and at times, a statement made without thought can offend sentiments and invite serious consequences. Often, how something is said matters as much as what is said. Choosing measured and respectful language can prevent unnecessary conflict and misunderstanding.

As Maajid Nawaz aptly stated, “In an open society, no idea can be above scrutiny, just as no people should be beneath dignity.” While ideas may be challenged, the dignity of individuals must always be respected. Irrational or rigid views can be countered through reasoned arguments, evidence, and dialogue, but differences in opinion and belief are inevitable and should be approached with tolerance.

When duties are fulfilled sincerely, rights remain protected. While celebrating the bright side of freedom of expression, one must also acknowledge its limitations and responsibilities.

As Albert Einstein rightly observed, “Laws alone cannot secure freedom of expression; in order that every man may present his views without penalty, there must be a spirit of tolerance in the entire population.”